PH mental health to population ratio (graphic representation)

 

do not let your past & present define your future: itaewon class (2020 award-winning TV series)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwlydlrMopE

(an 8-min summary & commentary)

>recommended & made a webinar topic (19 aug 2021) by NGF (natasha goulbourn foundation) founder jean goulbourn

https://www.allkpop.com/article/2020/02/itaewon-class-breaks-milestone-with-14-viewer-rating

defense mechanisms (groman et al., 2002)

Re: Defense Mechanisms

Fr: Gorman LC, Raines MC, & Sultan DF (2002). Psychosocial nursing for general patient care (2^nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co., pp. 11-13.

 >Definition: “unconscious mental processes used to reduce anxiety and conflict by modifying, distorting, and rejecting reality” (p. 11)

>Importance: “Without these mechanisms, the threatening feelings might overwhelm and paralyze the individual and interfere with daily living.” (p. 11)

>Pathology: “However, [when] they are used too extensively, they can contribute to highly distorted perceptions and interfere with normal functioning and interpersonal relationships…. (which) can be characterized as psychiatric disorders.” (p. 11)

 

Table 2-1. Common Defense Mechanisms

DEFENSE MECHANISM	DEFINITION	EXAMPLE
Denial	Attempt to remove an experience or a feeling from consciousness	After a diagnosis (dx) of terminal condition, the patient (px) does not exhibit any expected emotional reaction & states that dx is not true
Displacement	The belief that one would be in great danger if the feelings about someone were known to that person, which causes the individual to discharge or displace feelings onto a third person or object	A family member is angry at the px for not taking better care of himself & feels too guilty to express this to the ill person. Instead, he expresses anger at the nursing staff for giving inadequate care
Identification	Accepting the other person’s circumstances as though they were one’s own	A man’s wife died a very painful death from cancer (CA). When he is dx with CA, he experiences extreme anxiety because he has accepted his wife’s experiences as if he had lived them.
Intellectualization	Separating emotion from an idea or thought because emotionally it is too painful	A px discussed the physiology of his leukemia at length without any emotional reaction

DEFENSE MECHANISM	DEFINITION	EXAMPLE
Isolation	Blocking out feelings associated with an unpleasant or threatening situation or thought	A nurse caring for critically ill px who is the same age provides care without experiencing the emotions realted to tragedy of the px’s situation
Projection	Transferring or blaming others for one’s own unacceptable ideas, impulses, wishes, or feelings	After a myorcadial infarction, a px relates that his wife is coping poorly with his condition. The px’s anxiety may be too great & threatening to face, so he places his own fears onto his wife
Rationalization	Substituting acceptable reasons for the true reasons for personal behaviour because admitting true reason is too threatening	Smoker continues to smoke despite MD’s warning because he knows many people who smoke & have no ill effects
Reaction formation	Actions that are opposite of the true, unacceptable feelings that the person is experiencing	A woman has negative feelings about her pregnancy but then lavishes constant attention on her newborn
Regression	Reverting to earlier patterns of development as a way to reduce anxiety & demands on one’s self	During serious illness, a px exhibits behaviour more appropriate for a younger developmental age, such as excessive dependency
Repression	Forcibly dismissing unacceptable thoughts, feelings, impulses, or memories from consciousness	A person is unable to recall feelings of hostility toward a sibling or specific memories from childhood
Sublimation	Expressing repressed urges or desires in socially acceptable ways	An angry person writes a poem about his reactions to his feelings